2nd crusade map

However, relations with the Byzantine Empire were mixed, and reinforcements from the west were sparse after the disaster of the Second Crusade. Later they also helped to conquer Sintra, Almada, Palmela and Setúbal, and were allowed to stay in the conquered lands, where they had offspring. No prince or king led this part of the crusade; England at the time was in the midst of The Anarchy.
Louis consulted Bernard of Clairvaux, who referred him back to Eugene.

When Louis arrived, the Haute Cour met at Acre on June 24. They arrived at Porto at June, and were convinced by the bishop to continue to Lisbon, to which King Afonso I of Portugal had already gone when he heard a crusader fleet was on its way. Now Louis would have definitely heard about the papal bull, and Eugene enthusiastically supported Louis' crusade. The Second Crusade therefore saw an interesting development in new arenas for crusading. Raymond expected him to help defend against the Turks and to accompany him on an expedition against Aleppo, but Louis refused, preferring instead to finish his pilgrimage to Jerusalem rather than focus on the military aspect of the crusade. The Second Crusade was prompted by the fall of Edessa in 1144. Eugene did not want Conrad to participate, hoping instead that he would give imperial support to his own claims on the papacy, but he did not forbid him outright from leaving. The crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply. His successor Joscelin II was forced into an alliance with the Byzantine Empire, but in 1143 both the Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus and the King of Jerusalem Fulk of Anjou died. Help us improve this article by referencing valid resource material. Bernard, "the honey-tongued teacher" worked his magic of oration, men rose up and yelled "Crosses, give us Crosses!" However, he was assassinated by a slave in 1146 and he died very gracefuly and beautifully and was succeeded in Aleppo by his son Nur ad-Din. There was an unsuccessful siege of Damascus 24-28th July 1148 after which the Second Crusade broke up. In 1148 and 1149 they also captured Tortosa, Fraga, and Lerida. School of Divinity The C rusades are one of the most significant events in the history of Europe and the Middle East. As well as this, Eugene III also authorized a crusade in the Germanic lands against the Wends, who were pagan. The German crusaders, consisting of Franconians, Bavarians, and Swabians, left by land, also in May 1147, accompanied by the papal legate and cardinal Theodwin.

Joscelin II had tried to take back Edessa, but Nur ad-Din defeated him in November 1146. It is debatable whether Louis was planning a crusade of his own or in fact a pilgrimage, as he wanted to fulfil a vow made by his brother Philip to go to the Holy Land, as he had been prevented by death. This was done so that Manuel would be free to concentrate on defending his empire from the Crusaders, who had gained a reputation for theft and treachery since the First Crusade and were widely suspected of harbouring sinister designs on Constantinople. St. Bernard, the Archbishop of Cologne and the Archbishop of Mainz were vehemently opposed to these attacks, and so St. Bernard traveled from Flanders to Germany to deal with the problem, and for the most part Bernard convinced Rudolf’s audience to follow him instead. The Turks were indeed waiting to attack, but in a small battle outside Ephesus, the French were victorious. Louis was welcomed by Eleanor’s uncle Raymond of Poitiers. In this case both the French under Louis VII and the Germans led by Emperor Conrad III followed the same route through Hungary and arrived in Constantinople within a month of each other in September and October 1847. Conrad began a slow retreat back to Constantinople, and his army was harassed daily by the Turks, who attacked stragglers and defeated the rearguard. Unlike the First Crusade, the new venture attracted Royalty, such as Eleanor of Aquitaine, then Queen of France; Thierry of Alsace, Count of Flanders; Henry, the future Count of Champagne; Louis’ brother Robert I of Dreux; Alphonse I of Toulouse; William II of Nevers; William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey; Hugh VII of Lusignan; and numerous other nobles and bishops. Louis wanted to continue by land, and it was decided to gather a fleet at Adalia and sail for Antioch. This was the most spectacular meeting of the Cour in its existence: Conrad, Otto, Henry II of Austria, future emperor Frederick I Barbarossa (at the time Duke of Swabia), and William V of Montferrat represented the Holy Roman Empire; Louis, Alphonse's son Bertrand, Thierry of Alsace, and various other ecclesiastical and secular lords represented the French; and from Jerusalem King Baldwin, Queen Melisende, Patriarch Fulk, Robert of Craon (master of the Knights Templar), Raymond du Puy de Provence (master of the Knights Hospitaller), Manasses of Hierges (constable of Jerusalem), Humphrey II of Toron, Philip of Milly, Walter Grenier, and Barisan of Ibelin were among those present. Manasses of Hierges, Philip of Milly and others were sent from Jerusalem to assist, but arrived too late. During this meeting, other German princes extended the idea of a crusade to the Slavic tribes living to the northeast of the Holy Roman Empire, and were authorized by Bernard to launch a crusade against them. Bishop Hugh of Jabala reported the news to Pope Eugene III, who issued the bull Quantum praedecessores on December 1 of that year, calling for a second crusade. Louis eventually arrived in Antioch on March 19, after being delayed by storms; Amadeus of Savoy had died on Cyprus along the way. Many of the French nobles distrusted the land route, which would take them through the Byzantine Empire, t… The Pope also authorized a Crusade in Spain, although the war against the Moors had been going on for some time already. In Asia Minor, Conrad decided not to wait for the French, and marched towards Iconium, capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rüm. Jerusalem was able to make further advances into Egypt, briefly occupying Cairo in the 1160s. He granted Alfonso VII of Castile the same indulgence he had given to the French crusaders, and like Pope Urban II had done in 1095, urged the Spanish to fight on their own territory rather than joining the crusade to the east. Damascus, ruled by the Burid Dynasty, later allied with King Fulk when Zenger besieged the city in 1139 and 1140; the alliance was negotiated by the chronicler Usamah ibn Munqidh.
The Germans were forced back by the Turks near Dorylaion and briefly joined the French in a march down the West coast of Asia Minor. The French crusaders departed from Metz in June, led by Louis, Thierry of Alsace, Renaut I of Bar, Amadeus III of Savoy and his half-brother William V of Montferrat, William VII of Auvergne, and others, along with armies from Lorraine, Brittany, Burgundy, and Aquitaine. The French met the remnants of Conrad's army at Nicaea, and Conrad joined Louis' force. Louis and his associates claimed the ships for themselves, while the rest of the army had to resume the long march to Antioch. On March 31, with Louis present, he preached to an enormous crowd in a field at Vézelay. Nevertheless, Manuel's relations with the French army were somewhat better than with the Germans, and Louis was entertained lavishly in Constantinople. The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe, called in 1145 in response to and for any the fall of the County of Edessa the previous year. When the army arrived in Byzantine territory, Manuel feared they were going to attack him, and Byzantine troops were posted to ensure that there was no trouble. Thus in 1147 the Wendish Crusade was also born. In Jerusalem the focus of the crusade quickly changed to Damascus, the preferred target of King Baldwin III and the Knights Templar. The siege of Damascus had disastrous long-term consequences for Jerusalem: Damascus no longer trusted the crusader kingdom, and the city was handed over to Nur ad-Din in 1154. The initial big balls  crushed everyone to the x=]ense to the new crusade bull was poor, and it in fact had to be reissued when it was clear that Louis VII would be taking part in the expedition. Eugene did not control Rome and lived instead at Viterbo, but nevertheless the crusade was meant to be more organized and centrally controlled than the First Crusade: certain preachers would be approved by the pope, the armies would be led by the strongest kings of Europe, and a route would be planned beforehand. On April 13 Eugene confirmed this crusade, comparing to the crusades in Spain and Palestine. In this case both the French under Louis VII and the Germans led by Emperor Conrad III followed the same route through Hungary and arrived in Constantinople within a month of each other in September and October 1847. Meanwhile, in Eastern Europe, the first of the Northern Crusades began with the intent of forcibly converting pagan tribes to Christianity, and these crusades would go on for centuries. Meanwhile Conrad fell sick and returned to Constantinople, where Manuel attended to him personally, and Louis, paying no attention to the warnings of a Turkish attack, marched out from Ephesus. The siege of Lisbon began on July 1 and lasted until October 24 when the city fell to the crusaders, who thoroughly plundered it before handing it over to King Afonso. They were encouraged by rumours that the Germans had captured Iconium, but Manuel refused to give Louis any Byzantine troops. The Second Crusade and the Origin of the Religious Orders of Knighthood In the interval between the Second and the Third Crusade, the two famed religious military orders, known as the Hospitallers and the Templars, were formed.

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